Common nutrient drug interaction;

•  The complex interaction between food, nutrient and drugs, made it difficult to accurately determine the exact effect of these relationships in the body.

• A drug is define as a substance used in the diagnosis, and treatment, or prevention of diseases, or component of medication.

• There are many dramatic results and problems that may be caused by food drugs, drug -drug and alcohol food drug interaction and these very form person to person.

• Drug - nutrient interaction involve change to a drug caused by a nutrient, or change to an important as a result of the drug.

• Food - drug interaction is the border term that describe the effect of a drug on nutritional status.

• Each of these interaction may lead to many complications.

• Following data summarize several possible interaction of drugs with food, nutrients, supplements, or other drugs which may produce expected side - effects or cause additional health problems.

Condition; Allergy

Drugs ;    Antihistamine

Use;     To relive or prevent the symptoms of colds, hay fever and allergies.

Interaction; Food take with water if IG distress occurs consume with food.

Exception; fexofenadine /Allegra Bioavailability decrease if taken with apple, orange, and grapefruit juice.

Other Drugs; Avoid taken sedative or anti depressants . Avoid alcohol.

Example; Diphenhydramine / Benadryl   Fexofenadine/ALLGRA   loratadine/Claritin

cetirizine/ZYRTEC 

Do,not take with juice.

Condition: Arthritis and pain 

Drug: Analgesics/Antipyretic

Use: To treat mild to moderate pain and fever 🤒

Interaction/Guidelines:

Food: rapid relief, take on empty stomach. Caffeine ; May increase the rate of absorption of the drug. Avoid alcohol.

Example: Acetaminophen/TYENOL TEMPRA 

Drug: Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory drug (NSAIDS)

Use: Food: Take with food , water 💦 or milk 🥛 to decrease stomach upset. With the high dose of this frog, one may need to increase conception of vitamin c, vitamin k, and folate.

Caffeine: limit intake 

Interaction/ guideline;

Supplements: limit or avoid products that affect blood coagulation (garlic, ginger , gingko, ginseng, or horse chestnut )🐎 .

Avoid alcohol.

Example:

Aspirin/BAYER, Ecotrin ibuprofen/MOTRIN, advil naproxen/ANAPROX, ALEVE, NAPROSYN.

Condition: Corticosteroids

Drug: To relieve inflamed area of the body, reduce swelling and itching allergies, rheumatoid rheumatic and other conditions.

Interaction/guidelines:

Food: take with food or milk to decrease stomach upset. Limit grapefruit and other citrus fruits. While taking this drugs one may need to decrease sodium and supplement the diet with calcium and vitamin D,K,A,C, or protie

. Caffeine: Limit intake 

Avoid alcohol

Example:

Methylprednisolone/MEDROL, Prednisone/DELTASON, Prednisone/ORAPRED, PRELONE, Cortisone acetate/CORTEF

Condition: Narcotic Analgesic

Drug: To provide relief for moderate to severe pain.

Interaction/guidelines:

Food; Take with food or milk to decrease stomach upset.

Avoid alcohol 

Condition: asthma

Drug: Bronchodilator

Use: To treat the symptom of bronchial asthma, chronic bronchitis and emphysema.

Interaction/guidelines:

Food: Take with food stomach upset occurs .f High - fat meals may increase the amount of theophylline in the body, while high - carbohydrate meals may decrease it. Distance force may have decrease it .Different food may have varying effects depended on the dose form.

Caffeine :Avoid eating or drinking large amount of food and beverages that contain caffeine.

Avoid alcohol

Example: Theophylline/SLO-BID, THEO-DUR, UNIPHYL, Albuterol/VENTOLIN, PROVINTIL, COMBIVENT, Epinephrine/PRIMATENE,MIST 

Condition: cardiovascular disorders 

Drug: Diuretic

Use: To help eliminate water, sodium and chloride from the body.

Interaction/guidelines:

 Food: take on an empty stomach since food reduce drug availability. Take with food or milk if stomach upset occurs. Since some diuretic cause loss of potassium, calcium, and magnesium supplementation of these minerals may be necessary. Triamterene is known as a ''potassium spring'' diuretic when taking triamterene avoid eating large amounts of potassium rich foods such as banana, orange and green leafy vegetables or salt substitute. Avoid natural licorice.

Example:

Furosemide/LASIX, Triamterene/hydrochlorothiazide/ DAYAZID, MAXZIDE, Hydrochlorothiazide/ HYDRODIURIL, Triamterene/ DRYENIUM, Bumetamide/BUMEX, Metolazone/ZAROXOLYN 

Condition: cardiovascular disorders 

Drug: cholesterol-lowering 

Interactions/ guideline:

Food: take with food. Do not take with grapefruits or other citric fruits. Follow a diet low in cholesterol and dietary fat.

Other Drugs: do not take with the drug cordarone (intended for abnormal heart rhythms.)

Avoid alcohol .

Example: Zocor/SIMVASTATIN 

Drug: Beta blockers 

Use: To decrease the nerve impulses to blood vessels.

Interaction or guidelines:

Food: Take with food to increase bioavailability. Take separately from orange juice and avoid natural licorice. It may be necessary to decrease dietary  calcium and sodium, which may decrease absorption.

Supplements: Take 2 hours before or 6 hours after calcium supplements or antacids.

Avoid alcohol

Example: Atenolol/TENORMIN, metoprolol/LOPRESSOR, propranolol/INDERAL, nadolol/CORGARD

Drug: nitrates 

Uses: to relax the blood vessels and lower the demand for oxygen by the heart.

Interaction or guidelines: 

Food: Take on an empty stomach with water to increase absorption, 1 hour before meals or 2 hours after.

Avoid alcohol

Example: isosorbide dinitrate/ ISORDIL, SORBITATE Nitroglycerin/NITRO, NITRODUR, TRANSDERM-NITRO.

Drugs: Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE inhibitors.)

Uses: To relax blood vessels by preventing angiotensin II a vasoconstrictor from being formed.

Inter action or guidelines:

Food: Take cpilatro/CAPOTEN or moexipril/UNIVASC on an empty stomach, 1 hour before meals (since food reduce absorption). High fat meals decrease absorption of quinapril/ACCUPRIL. Ensure adequate fluid intake . Avoid salt ,calcium and natural licorice.

Example: Captopril/CAPOTEN, Enalapril/VASOTEC, Lisinopril/ PRINIVAL, ZESTRIL, Quinapril/ACCUPRIL

Moexipril/ UNIVASC 

Drugs: HMG-CoA Reductase 

Uses: known as "statins" intended to lower cholesterol and reduce the production rate of LDL (bad) cholesterol.

Inter action or guidelines:

Food: Avoid grapefruit related citrus with atorvastatin/ LIPITOR, lovastatin/ MEVACOR, and SIMVASTATIN/ZOCOR. Lovastatin/ MEVACOR should be taken with the evening meal to enhance absorption. Decrease dietary fats and Cholesterol while taking these medications.

Supplements: Avoid St John's wort.

Avoid alcohol.

Examples: Atorvastatin/ LIPITOR, Fluvastatin/ LESCOL, Lovastatin/ MEVACOR,ALTOPREV, Pitavastatin/ LIVALO, Pravastatin/ PRAVACHOL, Rosuvastatin/ CRESTOR, Simvastatin/ ZOCOR.

Drugs: Anticoagulants 

Uses: To prevent formation of blood clots.

Inter action or guidelines:

Food: Limit foods with vitamin k, since it produces blood-clothing substances that reduce the the effectiveness of Anticoagulants. Do not exceed the lower limit of vitamin E and vitamin A. high dose of vitamin E (400 IU or more) may prolong clotting time and increase the risk of bleeding.

Supplement: Avoid garlic, ginger, ginko saw palmetto and horse chestnut.

Other drugs: Do not take with Cordarone ( intended for abnormal heart rhythms).

Examples: Warfarin/ COUMADIN.

Condition: Infections ;

Drug: antibiotic and antifungal.

Use: To treat infections caused by bacteria and fungi.

Interaction/ guideline: 

General guidelines: Tell the doctor if you experience skin rashes or diarrhea. If you are using birth control, consult with your health care provider because some method may not work when take with antibiotics. Be sure to finish all of your medication even if you start feeling better. Take medication with plenty of water.

 Example: pickling V/ VEETIDS, Amoxicillin/TRIMOX, AMOXIL, Ampicillin/PRINCIPEN,OMNIPEN 

Drug: antibacterial/ pensiline 

Use: To treat infections caused by bacteria and fungi.

Interaction/ guideline: 

Food take on any an empty stomach or one horse before or 24 hours after food for stop if upset stomach occurs, take with food. Avoided Guar gum. 

Supplements use caution when taking vitamin k.

Example;

Penicillin v/VEETIDS, amoxicillin/ TRIMOX,AMOXIL, Ampicillin/ PRINCIPEN,OMNIPEN. 

Drug: Quinolones 

Use:  To treat infections caused by bacteria and fungi.

Interaction guideline:

Food: Take on an empty stomach 1 Or before or 2 hours after meals. If upset stomach occurs. Take with food but not with diary or calcium - fortified  products alone.

Caffeine taking this medication with caffeine containing products may increase caffeine levels leading to excitability and nervousness.

Example: Ciprofloxacin/ CIPRO, Levofloxacin/LEVAQUIN, Ofloxacin/FLOXIN, Trovafloxacin.

Drug: Cephalosporins

Use: To treat infection caused by bacteria and fungi.

Instruction/ guideline: 

Food: Take on an empty stomach 1 hours before or 2 hours after meals. If upset stomach result take with food. Take one hours before antacid supplement.

Example: Cefaclor/CECLOR,CECLOR CD, Cefadroxil/DURICEF, Cefixime/SUPRAX, Cefprozil/ CEFZIL, cephalexin/KEFLEX, KEFTAB 

Drug: Macrolides

Use: To treat infection caused by bacteria and fungi.

Instruction/ guideline:

Food: may take with food if stomach upset occurs.

Exception: Zmax should be taken on an empty stomach 1 her before or after 2 hours after food. Avoid taking with citrus foods, citrus juices and carbonated drinks.

Example: Azithromycin/ ZITHROMAX, (Z-Pak, Zmax),Clarithromycin/BIAXIN, ERYTHROMYCIN,(Ery-Tab, ERYCE)

Drug: Sulfonamides 

Use:  To treat infections caused by bacteria and fungi.

Interaction / guidelines:

Food: Take with food and at least 8 ounce of water 💦 .avoid alcohol.

Avoid alcohol 

Example: Sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim/ BACTRIM,SEPTRA 

Drug : Tetracycline 

Use: To treat infections caused by bacteria and fungi.

Interaction / guidelines:

 Food: Take on an empty stomach with 8 ounce of water. Avoid taking Tetracycline  with dairy products and decides and vitamin supplements containing iron because they can interfere with the medication  effectiveness.

Example: Tetracycline/ ACHROMTCIN, SUMYCIN, doxycycline/VIBRAMYCIN, Minocycline/MINOCIN 

Drug: Nitroimidazole 

Use: To treat infections caused by bacteria and fungi.

Interaction / guideline: 

Food: May take with food to decrease stomach upset, but food decrease bioavailability. Avoid alcohol.

 Example; Metronidazole/ FLAGYL,

Drug: Antifungals 

Interaction/ guidelines:

Food: Take with food to increase absorption. Do not take itraconazole/ Sporanox with grapefruit or related cirrus. Avoid alcohol.

Example: fluconazole/ DIFLUCAN, ketoconazole/NIZORAL, itraconazole/SPORANOX.

Condition: Mood disorder 

Drug: Monoamine Oxidase(MAO) inhibitor.

Use: To treat depression , emotional and anxiety disorders.

Ineraction/ guidelines: 

Food: These medication have many dietary restrictions and those taking them should follow the dietary guidelines and physician instruction very carefully. A rapid, potentially fatal increase in blood pressure can occur if foods or alcoholic beverages of containing tyramine are consumed while taking MAO inhibitors. Avoid foods high in tyramine and other pressure amines during drug use and for two week after discontinuation. These included aged cheeses, aged meets, soya sauce, tofu, meso, fava beans snow peas, sauerkraut, avocadoes, bananas, yeast extracts, raisins, ginseng, licorice, chocolate and caffeine.

Avoid Alcohol.

Examples: Phenelzine/NARDIL, Tranylcypromine/PARNATE.

Drug: Anti- Anxiety 

Use: To treat depression, emotional and anxiety disorders. 

Interaction or guideline:

Food: main take with food if upset stomach occurs. Limit grapefruit and citrus consumption.

Caffeine: May cause exciability nervousness, and hyperactivity and Lessen the anti-anxiety effect of the drugs. supplements use caution with sedative herbal products such as chamomile or stimulants such as caffeine or guarana .Avoid alcohol.

Example: Lorazepam/ ATIVAN, Diazepam/VALIUM, Alprazolam/XANAX 

Drug: Antidepressant, 

Use: To treat depression, emotional and anxiety disorders.

Interaction/ guidelines:

Food: These medication can be with or without food.

Avoid alcohol.

Example: Paroxetine/ PAXIL, Sertraline/ ZOLOFT, Fluoxetin/PROZAC 

Drug: Stimulant 

Interaction/guidelines: 

Food: Take with or without meals. limit caffeine and ensure adequate calcium intake.

Example: Methylphenidate/RITALIN 

Drug: Depressant 

Use: Sedative-hyponotic 

Interaction/guidelines:

Food: Do not take with food,or immediately after a meal.

Example: Zolpidem/ AMBIEN 

Condition: Stomach 

Drug: histamine blockers 

Use: to relieve pain, promote healing and prevent irritation from returning.

Interaction guidelines: 

Food: these medication can be taken with or without food with 8ounces of water. A blend diet is recommended.

Take drug 2 hours before an iron or antacid supplement is consumed. May decrease iron and vitamin b12 absorption.

Caffeine: caffeine products may irritate the stomach.

Avoid alcohol.

Example: lamtidine/TAGAMET, famotidine/PEPCID, famotidine/ZANTEC, nizatidine/AXID 

Condition: seizures 

Drug: Anticonvulsant/anti epileptic therapy 

Interaction guidelines: 

Food: take with food or milk to decrease stomach upset. Avoid grapefruit and related citrus fruits, star fruit, pomegranate juice. Supplement with calcium  and vitamin D. Avoid alcohol.

Example:  Tegretol/ CARBAMAZEPINE, equator, carbaryl.

What is the interaction of histamine blockers with food?

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