How does medication and therapy effect nutrition?

  

Modification of medication action:

• Caffeine may increase the toxic effect of theophylline, methylphenidate (Nervousness, tremor, Insomnia)

• Tyramine, Dopamine or other vasoconstrictor in food enhance toxic effect of MAO inhibitor such as tranylcypromine (Hypertensive crisis which can be fatal)

Counteract with effect of drug:

• Vit K aids in production of clotting factors opposite to Warfarin.

• Caffeine is a stimulant which counteract the anti-anxiety effect of benzodiazepine.

• Immunosuppressant effect of drug like Azathioprine (Imuran) , cyclosporine (NE oral) may be blunted by immunostimulatory properties of natural products such as saw palmetto, echinacea.

• High fat diet counteracts the effect of anti-hyperlipidemic drug such as atorvastatin, fenofibrate, pravastatin.

Appetite changes:

• Cyproheptadine hydrochloride (periaxin) anti-histamine lead to marked increase in appetite.

• Anti-anxiety ( Diazepam, Alprazolam) lead to hyperphagia and excessive eating.

• Selective serotonin receptor inhibitor class of anti-depressant cause anorexia and weight loss.

• Amphetamine (CNS stimulant) have effect of  decrease desire for food which lead to weight loss Child taking amphetamine shows doze dependent growth retardation.
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Taste and smell changes:

• Tricyclic anti-depressant Amitriptyline impair salivary flow, causing dry mouth along with sour or metallic taste.

• Clarithromycin secreted into saliva causing bitter taste.

• Tetracycline suppress natural oral bacteria result in oral yeast overgrowth or candidiasis.

• Metronidazole may cause impaired sense of taste by causing metallic taste.

• Anti-neoplastic drug may cause stomatitis, glossitis or esophagitis.

Gastrointestinal effect:

• NSAIDs such as aspirin, ibuprofen, naproxen cause stomach irritation, sometime irritation so severe as to cause serious gastric bleeding

• Anti-cholinergic medication (anti-psychotic, anti-histamine, anti-depressant) slow peristalsis resulting in constipation.

• Ciprofloxacin allow for overgrowth of clostridium diffilcle result in pseudomembranous colitis. 
  

How does medication and therapy effect nutrition?

What are the effect of drug on food interaction?