Why do numerous women suffer from anemia?

 

Anemia is a condition characterized by a decrease in the number of red blood cells or a reduction in the amount of hemoglobin in the blood, which in turn diminishes the ability of the blood to transport oxygen. Although anemia can affect both genders, women are particularly susceptible due to various physiological, nutritional, and sociocultural factors. Here, we will delve into the reasons why numerous women suffer from anemia.

1. Menstruation::

Menstrual blood loss is one of the most common reasons for iron-deficiency anemia in women of reproductive age. Every month, women lose an average of 30-40 milliliters of blood during menstruation. This loss amounts to a significant quantity of iron, which, if not replenished through diet, can result in anemia.

2. Pregnancy:

During pregnancy, a woman's body needs extra iron to support the growing fetus and placenta. Moreover, the total blood volume also increases, thereby diluting the number of red blood cells and leading to a condition called physiological anemia of pregnancy. If adequate iron and other essential nutrients aren't consumed during this period, it could lead to iron-deficiency anemia.

3. Poor Diet and Malnutrition:

Women, especially in low and middle-income countries, often have diets deficient in essential nutrients, including iron. This deficiency can be attributed to limited access to diverse foods, financial constraints, or lack of awareness about nutrition. Iron-deficiency can also result from a lack of vitamin C, which is vital for iron absorption.

4. Sociocultural Factors:

In many cultures, women may eat last, after serving their husbands and children. This can lead to them getting smaller portions or less nutritious components of a meal, thereby increasing their risk of nutritional deficiencies. Additionally, taboos or misconceptions around certain iron-rich foods may prevent women from consuming them.

5. Increased Metabolic Demand:

During periods of rapid growth, such as adolescence, the body requires more iron. Adolescent girls not only face the demands of growth but also begin menstruating, which adds to their risk of developing anemia.

6. Parasitic Infections:

In some parts of the world, women are more susceptible to infections like hookworm, schistosomiasis, and malaria, which can contribute to anemia. These infections can cause internal bleeding, reduce red blood cell count, or destruct the red blood cells.

7. Chronic Diseases:

Conditions such as chronic kidney disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and other inflammatory disorders can lead to anemia of chronic disease in women. These conditions interfere with the production of red blood cells in the bone marrow.

8. Gynecological Conditions:

Uterine fibroids, endometriosis, and certain other gynecological conditions can lead to excessive menstrual bleeding or bleeding between periods, thus increasing the risk of anemia.

9. Genetic Factors:

Certain inherited conditions, like thalassemia or sickle cell anemia, can make women more prone to anemia. These genetic mutations affect the structure or production of hemoglobin.

10. Medications and Treatments:

Some medications, including certain types of chemotherapy or antiretroviral therapy for HIV/AIDS, can lead to reduced red blood cell count. Additionally, treatments like radiation can damage the bone marrow, leading to anemia.

Prevention and Management:

Anemia can significantly impact a woman's quality of life, causing fatigue, weakness, and even complications during pregnancy. Therefore, it's essential to address the root causes:

Nutritional education is vital to ensure women understand the importance of a balanced diet.

Iron and folic acid supplementation can be beneficial, especially for pregnant women and those with heavy menstrual bleeding.

De-worming and malaria prevention campaigns can address parasitic causes of anemia.

Empowering women with knowledge and resources, both in terms of health and sociocultural standings, can help them make informed choices about their health.

In conclusion, anemia's prevalence among women is due to a combination of physiological factors, nutritional deficiencies, sociocultural norms, and certain health conditions. Addressing this issue requires a multifaceted approach that not only focuses on medical interventions but also on education, awareness, and sociocultural change. By understanding and targeting the specific reasons why many women suffer from anemia, we can work towards a healthier, more equitable world for women.

What is the primary cause of anemia in women?

How does menstruation contribute to anemia in women?

What roles do pregnancy and childbirth play in increasing anemia risk among women?

How does iron-deficiency relate to anemia in women?

Are women at a higher risk of anemia due to certain dietary habits or preferences?