What is body compositional analysis?

 Body compositional analysis :

Introduction:

Body composition analysis (BCA)is commonly used to measure the percentage of fat mass (FM) and fat free mass (FFM) of the body. It is helpful in assessing the changes with growth, development and diseases conditions and can also be used to monitor the effectiveness of nutritional interventions.

 Any imbalance in nutrient intake and requirement result in change in body composition.

 Malnutrition i-e under and over nutrition may lead to altered body  composition as observed during wasting and stunning and obesity respectively . In physical fitness regime, body composition analysis is used to explicate the percentage pf fat, bone, waist and muscles.

 Conventional method used for nutritional assessment i.e anthropometer including BMI, skinfold thickness, waist the clearer picture of body mass, visceral fat, metabolic rate and level of hydration, thus is an accurate method of assessing the body composition. 

Moreover, BCA give the early indications of long - term health risk such as diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular diseases, sarcopenia (loss of muscle mass attributed to aging) and osteoporosis (characterized by loss of bone mineral density and low bone mass)

 For assessment of composition, human body can be categorized in to different compartment . Body composition states the share of these component in our body. For this purpose, various models such as two- and four- compartment are suggested .

 In two compartment model, human body is divided in to two chemically distinct compartment i.e FM and FFM . FM in the body comprises of adipose tissue and brain fat. 

Adipose tissue are further categorized in to intramuscular fat (adipose tissue accumulated within and between the skin) and visceral fat (adipose tissue stored within and around organ of thoracic and abdominal cavities e.g. heart, liver, kidney, lungs, etc.) Fat in adipose tissue provides insulation and protect the organ such as kidneys and hearts etc. from shocks.

 They are also the precursors of many hormones like eicosanoids. The second compartment i.e. FFM comprises of all residual, lipid-free tissue, extracellular materials(bone, water, muscle, internal organs and connective tissue ) , glycogen (stored mostly in liver )and intracellular water. 

Bone mass is primarily based on minerals, giving the human body a shape and protection to internal organ in four compartment model, body is divided in to fat mass, water, bone minerals and proteins (residual). This model is commonly used in research studies where estimation of two or three compartment is done while predication equations are used for the reminder parts. 

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