What are the components of anthropometric measurements?

 

Anthropometric measurements are " series of quantitative measurements of muscles, bones, and adipose tissues used to assess the composition of the body.

Anthropometric measurements refer to the systematic measurement of the human body's physical characteristics. The term "anthropometric" comes from the Greek words 'anthropos' (man) and 'metron' (measure). Anthropometry is a key component of nutritional status assessment in children and adults alike. The data collected through these measurements can be used in many areas, including health and wellness, ergonomics, apparel design, forensic science, and biometrics.

Here are some common types of anthropometric measurements:

Height: Height is a fundamental anthropometric measurement. It's usually measured using a stadiometer, with the subject standing barefoot.

Weight: This is another basic measurement, which is usually recorded using a scale.

Body Mass Index (BMI): This is a calculated measurement (weight divided by the square of height) used to evaluate whether a person has a healthy body weight for their height.

Waist Circumference: Measured at the narrowest point between the ribs and the hips after exhaling. This measurement is often used as a predictor of obesity-related diseases.

Hip Circumference: The hip circumference is measured at the widest part of the buttocks. Along with the waist circumference, it's used to calculate the Waist-to-Hip ratio, which can also be an indicator of obesity-related diseases.

Mid-Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC): This measurement is frequently used to assess nutritional status, particularly in children.

Skinfold Thickness: This measurement is taken at various parts of the body (like the triceps, subscapular region, abdomen) using a special instrument called calipers. The measurements are used to estimate the body's total fat content.

These measurements are vital tools in many disciplines. In healthcare, for instance, anthropometric data can help diagnose malnutrition, obesity, and other health conditions related to body composition. In ergonomics, these measurements can guide the design of products and environments to fit people's sizes and abilities. In sports, they can help optimize training and performance.

However, while taking anthropometric measurements, it is essential to ensure accuracy and standardization of measurements by using proper techniques and tools. The person taking the measurements should be adequately trained, and the equipment used should be standardized and calibrated.

Please remember, anthropometric measurements should be interpreted with caution, as they don't distinguish between muscle and fat mass. Other measurements or tests may be needed to give a fuller picture of a person's health or physical condition.

COMPONENTS OF ANTROPOMETRY:

Height and weight:

Body mass index BMI

body circumference (limbs, waist, hip)

Skin fold thickness( triceps, subscapular)

Body composition ( percentage of fat mass, lean mass, water, bone mass)

These measurements are important indicator of obesity, a condition strongly associated with 

the risk of metabolic syndrome, diabetes, CVD's and certain types of cancer.

DEVELOPMENT:

Historically, anthropometrics was first developed by physical anthropologists during 19th centaury  to study evolutionary variations in both living and extinct human populations. Anthropometrics measures have also been used to associate cultural, psychological, and recall attributes with physical characteristics. 

ADVANTAGES:

Anthropometry for nutritional assessment carries certain advantages: 

• Simple
• Quick
• Safe
• Inexpensive
• Easy to train

LIMITATIONS/ DISADVANTAGES:

Doesn't estimate excessive intake of particular nutrient deficiencies.

• Not sensitive to recent change in dietary practices of nutritional conditions.

• Must always be interpreted in context of reference population and knowledge of individual history.

What are the components of anthropometric measurements?

What are the advantages of anthropometric measurement?

What are the limitation of anthropometric measurement?

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