How drug effect nutrient absorption ?

 

Effect of medication on food/nutrient kinetics

1.Effect of medication on nutrient absorption:

Drug complexes with nutrient preventing absorption of drug, nutrient or both 

• Antibiotic Tetracycline and Ciprofloxacin chelate with divalent or trivalent cation, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn

• Antihyperlipidemic, bile acid sequestrant Cholestyramine adsorb fat soluble vitamin A, D, E, K

Drugs alter gastric acidity:

• Prolonged use of antiulcer/anti GERD drugs such as proton pump inhibitor e.g Pantoprazole or a histamine H2 receptor antagonist e.g ranitidine may decrease absorption of vitamin B12 thiamine and Fe which are optimally absorbed in an acid environment.

Drug damage mucosal surface:

• Medication induced gastro-intestinal mucosal damage by antineoplastic drugs may cause decreased nutrient absorption.

2.Effect of medication on nutrient metabolism

Drug increase the metabolism of nutrients resulting in higher requirements and danger of deficiency

• Anticonvulsant drug phenobarbital and phenytoin increase the rate of metabolism of folic acid, vit D and K. Long term use may lead to deficiencies and bone disorders.

Drug causes vitamin antagonism:

• Anti-tuberculosis drug isoniazid inhibit the conversion of pyridoxine B6 to its active form. Use of pyridoxine supplement is prescribed, pyridoxine deficiency  and peripheral neuropathy can occur.

3.Effect of medication on nutrient excretion;

Drug increase urinary loss of nutrient

• Loop diuretics such as furosemide increase excretion of Na, K, Cl, Mg, Ca.

Drug decrease urinary excretion of nutrients:

• Thiazide diuretic increase excretion of most electrolytes, but enhance real absorption of Ca causing decrease excretion of calcium.

How drug effect nutrients/food?

How drug effect nutrient absorption?

How drug effect nutrient excretion?

How drug effect nutrient metabolism?